If you really don't wan't to install an amp, I'd go for some of the more sensitive components with a simple cap/coil filter rather than a full crossover. Crossovers absorb a percentage of the power available, which is not good if there's not much to start with.
As for the tweeter positioning, yes - the ideal place is as close to the mid-driver as possible, but in a car this means either mount your mids at dash height (not an option) or mount your tweeters down near the mids - this tends to pull the sound down. Look at most of the cars winning sound quality competitions - they almost always have low mids and high (dash height) tweeters - it really does produce the best sound. You want to keep obstacles out of the path of high frequencies as much as possible.
As for the wiring, I was quite surprised at the thickness of the standard speaker cables - you'd be wasting time and money replacing them. If in doubt, cut them back a little to clean copper, and securely crimp on some new connectors.
Some of the new Alpine units have good i-pod compatibility, and have a relatively high output for a headunit. Good luck.