You could get the 2.0 TDI along with 4-motion until relatively recently, and perhaps Golf Plus in Europe also...4 motion seems to be more widely available for models there
My understanding of the Haldex system was that all the wheels could be permanently driven, but that the system defaults to front wheel drive under most conditions, and that it could direct up to 100% power to either the front and back differentials in milliseconds, when conditions demanded. That way, you could have a variable split of power(50/50, 60/40, 30/70, etc, or even a 100% rear wheel drive Golf) according to the conditions and how the Haldex ECU analysed them