it's about 3 degrees in Glasgow, where would I find these grounds and how do I check
Well the lower the temp higher the resistance so you are in spec!
All grounds ones near the ECU one from body to battery to gearbox!
One on the coil body!
Or a break in the ECU loom touching a ground causing issues.
I think everyone has commented on the most likely problems on here, but from the solutions you have tried already its go to be simple like a bad connection somewhere.
Guess you could start checking resistance on each ECU loom pins on
a good car and then compare it with your problematic golf?
My Hall sender caused massive over fueling and broken injector loom feeder on mine, but you have already said you have changed it already???
I tend to change over any visible earths with new braided items and cables I even taken a Corrado battery loom because the cables are thicker and better insulated than our old Mk2's. Stick some grease over exposed cables and remove out any oxidised cables especially when they go green in colour.