Just to add to the gearing argument ?
It is possible to get a faster top speed in each gear, it isn't completely governed by the gearbox.
For example if you turbo charged an 8v gti you would probably put a few mph on the lower (shorter) gears, on the higher (longer) gears there would be a more noticeable difference, ie. top speed.
The only way to increase speed in gear is for either to change the gears or tune the engine to produce a lot more torque top end. As the gear is only a multiplier of the torque the engine produces.
Just to add also an air filter won't really do enough to increase top speed in gear ?
So in general, a huge increase in torque will increase top speed in each gear, more the higher the gear. As mentioned earlier, rather than being that noticeable the car will reach the top speed much quicker.
would only increase top speed as 5th gear is generally a bit tall for most engines (they are more often overdive gears), in any gear upto 3rd all cars can be burried into the red line with or without tuning (revlimited cars aside), if you want to go faster in each gear without changing gear or diff ratios (wheels too) you can only do this by adressing the reasons why you have a red line.
maximum revs are governed by factors such as
mechanical stress of components ie how fast they can be spun before they disintegrate (a 1" square area of clutch basket on a motorcycle which is alloy has an effective weight of ?around a ton @ 1400 rpm due to centrifugal force).
the strength of the con rod to hold the piston (very high rpm but another reason for short skirt and alloy pistons).
the length of stroke of the engine (the longer the stroke the faster the piston has to move hence the greater the stress), (this also governs power to torque to a degree depending on tuning, generally a short stroke=high power but lower torque, and vice versa)
keeping pistons and valves seperate, so....
the strength of valve springs and valve bounce.
the duration of valve opening.
the valve timing (hence vernier cam gear)
(ducati use a system to overcome this called desmodue which basically consists of a lever both opening and closing the valve)