Different size rims shouldn't matter as the rolling circumference would be the same with the same profile tyres.
But if the offsets are different, then when cornering, the yaw sensor will detect the differing slip angles from the wheel/tyre combo, and will be different to the required steering angle as determined by the ESP map - so it can make a difference
Even if you did put different tyres on and the rolling circumference was slightly different I doubt if it would be enough to bring in the esp.
If it was just differences in rolling curcumference, then the traction control part of the ESP would kick in during acceleration. Also, the Tyre Pressure Monitoring System would ping up and alert (thats how it works on the Golf).
It could be possible that the fitters may have inadvertantly caught one of the ABS sensors. 
But if they did that, then the ABS and ESP lights would be permanently lit on the dash!