Flashing headlights has meant many things, been used for different things in the past. Not All folk understand what flash of lights means or could mean. Not a wonderful state of affairs.
For me, Flash-to-Pass was a method to communicate to the car in front of you that you were about to pull out to the right to overtake it, executed just before the manoeuvre and after indicator signalling selected.
These days it’s dangerous to assume the driver in front of you ever uses their mirrors, or is aware of anything behind them…
Flashing headlight quickly to let somebody out of a side road or turn in front of you …..not always, reliably understood and acted upon. Sometimes you wonder why you bother.
Flashing to say thank you. Flashing to alert of a problem for drivers travelling in the opposite direction (hazard, accident, stationary vehicles, floodwater…Radar Trap /Camera Van) now seems shunned as some don’t get the idea. I still do it tho, haha.
Flash to say Thank You also used. Or hazard lights / L&R indicators…..
Just shows what a complex and complicated this whole driving thing can be…..even before you are flashed at by another vehicle.