When I said something about EC paperwork I meant the EC paperwork for a Mk3 Golf, not any other car. 225 45 17 is the standard size on my new Golf - does that mean it's automatically a standard size for any other car - NO.
I must admit I misread the original dimension he mentioned.... I thought it was 195 50 15 he had and wanted to go to 195 65 15. From 205 50 15 to 196 65 15 is ok as the change is only 7mm in circumference. I have posted how the circumference changes for my initial assumption. Why that is illegal? Because it changes the speed that is displayed in the car significantly enough (in particular if you fit larger wheels which will make your speedo read less then what you're doing). Also there is also the tyre's load index, i.e. if it cannot support the max axle weight.
You can fit any other wheels and tyres, given it does not touch body parts when in operation, but obviously only to the point where the speedo is still showing at least the speed you are doing (nor a lot more), load limits etc are adhered to. If you fit tyres where this is the case you'd need the speedo modified, provided nothing touches and all these things.
This is why in many European countries you need to carry documentation that the wheels and tyres on the car have been approved for use on that particular car model (unless factory fitted obviously) or even need to have it appended to your cars registration part 1 (the european, much more extensive counterpart of a V5) by a testing organisation (e.g. TÜV in West Germany, DEKRA in East Germany, Austrian local state government of the state you live in, Katsastus in Finland, just to name the ones I know for certain).
I would be very surprised if you could just put any tyres on any car and that would still be 100% legal in the UK as the EC type approval would cover the operation of a car in the UK as well (unless it's an old UK model or very specific e.g. some Caterhams etc). There may be regulations here that allow you to change within the limits of the EC type approval without needing to carry any paperwork or telling your insurance.
I can't give you a specific link to a law... a quick search and I found this on a UK tyre fitters website...
"UK law requires that your vehicle is fitted with the correct type and size of tyre for the vehicle type you are driving and for the purpose it is being used."