30 mins ago mr postman delivered my preordered iphone5 lighting to 30 pin apple branded adapter, and I've just tested it on my golf mk6 gti which has a rcd510.
The adapter from apple is about the same size as the 30 pin connector block on the mdi cable so it's tiny, therefore the good news it fits perfect and you don't really notice it \doesn't cause problems trying to put you iPhone5 into the arm rest or left out.
I connected up the mdi cable, adapter, and iphone5, and it seems solid no wobble etc.
Ok so didit work? The good news is yes, but it did seem to take ages to on finish initialising one point 45 seconds.
Tried it with and without aux in selected and worked either way. Connection / initialisation time does vary from 3 seconds from connecting to music coming on to about 1 min which is weird.
I can see album, track, artist info all on the rcd510 fine, and can navigate playlists, podcasts, select tracks etc. all working fine

I also observed the battery indicator on the iPhone change to plugged in / charging when connected up so seems to be charging ok too.
Also when I tried the music app while connected it showed connected to an accessory.
Sounds for left \ right speakers etc all seem to be fine too.
Not tried Tom Tom via iPhone5 yet via the rcd510, i used to get turn by turn directions audio but no map display as per my iPhone 4, but suspect that as the music works then should get turn by turn audio directions no problem as before.
Also tried the above on a vw Tiguan rcd510 mid and a vw touareg (not sure what unit) mdi and same results.
In summary, the apple lightning addaptor worked fine for me on my mdi connection and iphone5 but seemed to take ages sometimes from a cold start to finish initialising and music / display to kick in.