Get to know the camera with the kit lens for the moment. Give it a while before you try different lenses.
You need to learn about composing and exposure before venturing into other more complex stuff.
The exposure triangle is key to capturing the image. 3 things control it, ISO (how sensitive the camera is to light), shutter speed (how long the shutter is open for) and aperture (aka f-stop, how wide the diaphragm is open, this controls the rays of light getting to the sensor).
ISO - basically the higher the number (eg 1600/3200) the more sensitive the sensor is to light, ie use a higher ISO for dark scenes and lower ISO (eg 100) for bright scenes. But the higher the ISO, the more "noise" appears in the image as white specs. Noise can be removed by software but doing this too much can make a photo look soft. So the key thing is to work with as much available light as possible. Daylight is the nicest, but avoid the midday sun as it's rather harsh. Photos of people taken outside in the mid to late afternoon will have a nice warmth to them (Different sorts of lights give different colours, but now you're getting into a more advanced subject:white balance). And avoid the on-camera flash as much as possible.
Shutter speed - measured in fractions of a second, so 1/8th is slow going up to 1/60th, right up to 1/1000th this is very fast. The slower the shutter speed the more likely you are to get blur and camera shake. If you want to take a photo to show blur (ie like light trails) you need a tripod to eliminate camera shake and a shutter speed of at least 2 seconds or more to capture the lights as they move. If you want to freeze action, ie like a footballer going for a kick, you'll need a faster shutter speed, over 1/120th probably.
There are lots of variations in between, where you might want some blur but not too much, or you want to shoot a moving car to show speed but without blurring the car.
Aperture/F-stop - this is slight more complex to understand. The lower the f-stop (eg f2.
, the wider the hole in the diaphragm to let light in, (so this is better for dark scenes)
and the higher the f-stop (eg f16), the smaller the hole. (So if it's bright, you can put up the f-stop to let less light in).
BUT (big BUT), aperture affects "depth of field" (DoF) so this has to be considered every time you change the aperture.
Depth of Field is an expression of how much stuff in your shot is in focus.
If you have a high f-stop, then you will have lots of stuff in front and behind your object (that you focussed the camera on) in focus. (This is good for landscape shots)
A lower f-stop will give you a "shallow depth of field", so only the object itself that you focused on, will actually be in focus, everything in front or behind will be out of focus.
A bit of reading:
Exposure triangle:
http://digital-photography-school.com/learning-exposure-in-digital-photographyAbout Aperture
http://digital-photography-school.com/apertureAbout ISO
http://digital-photography-school.com/iso-settingsAbout Shutter speed
http://digital-photography-school.com/shutter-speed