its possible it jumped one or two teeth at most if it was still running, any more and it would have definately stalled, the only way to tell is either line up the cam pulleys and the crank pulleys with the marks on the engine casing, or do a compression test in one of the injector holes, but lining it up is easier without the proper gauge to read comp. If the belt jumps, the valve timing goes out slightly and that would make it hard to start.
Also if you unscrew one injector and crank it, there should be a nice burst of diesel every rotation, proving the injection pump is getting driven, tho if the belts not broke then it should be, but will show if fuel is getting to it from the tank too. Maybe the injection pump has failed inside, its very possible and may just be bad timing (no pun intended lol) and not related to the aux belt repair. Nothing else was slackened on the engine when the aux belt tensioner was done?