You could have a head gasket blow between cylinders and have no other symptoms like oil in water, coolant loss, etc. It would be pretty unusual to have a blow across all 3 gasket gaps though wouldn't it? A blow of that type would probably show up as low on 2 adjacent cylinders, not 3 (or 4).
It's possibly carbon buildup on the valves, or if the belt was out (you could check this yourself probably) the valves would possibly be slightly open when you want them closed and the cylinder compressing.
On later golfs there should be a slight nick which idicates the timing - on the crankshaft (bottom)pulley which drives the alternator + water pump. You can check this lines up with TDC (top dead centre) on the camshaft pulley. Try taking the spark plugs out, taking the top cover off the timing belt, and using a 19mm socket and ratchet on the centre of the bottom crank pulley, turn the engine (CLOCKWISE) until the mark on the camshaft (top pulley) which says "TDC" lines up with the one on the plastic cover just behind it that also says "TDC". Then look at the crankshaft pulley, and check where the nick in it is. There should be a mark on the bottom cover and the nick should point right at this. If not, it's one or more teeth out...
Anyway, if you've booked it in, then they'll do all this for you (at a price!)
Cheers