I wasn't expecting VCDS error messages but very helpful. I actually just wondered what the error message on the dashboard was throwing up. If none of the functions which depend on the component are available, it can point to the failure of the component(s).
Communication or calibration issues in my experience have come down to obstruction (leaf litter / road grime) or an impact (something small like a Deer in the case of a previous car).
Beyond the obvious above, I think you're down to replacement of components. I don't know what they're rated at in terms of operating hours but they do fail.