I can vouch for that, about 10 years ago my mum had an old volvo 340 with a 1.5 Carb engine.
It broke down on the way to london so my mum called the AA out, they said it was oxygen starvation and that the air filter was in need of replacing, but to get her home they took the air filter out and started it.
They forgot to put the cleaned air filter back in after restarting the car, 25 miles later the AA were back out again. I think the term the other patrol man used was crap in the engine, and wasn't particularly complimentary about the previous patrol!
Still a word of warning, DONT DO IT!