The connector has a small notch thing that you depress with your nail and just pull it apart. It's quite obvious when you look at it.
I don't know what the minimum thickness should be, but bear in mind the front pads wear fairly quickly, so if they look close to the discs, then change them.
Go to Europarts for the pads, I think you'll find them a fair bit cheaper than Halfords.
You don't need to remove the caliper when doing the front pads.
The rear caliper is a 7mm allen key. The bolts will probably be pretty tight, I found it best to use a 7mm socket type allen key, and just give it a sharp tap with a hammer.
Hope that helps.