i had this problem after flushing my coolant. there just didnt seem to be anything going through the radiator. after a new pump, thermostat and radiator, i took the head off. (even though i'd done compression, cylinder leakage tests etc)
i found a cheap head gasket with holes that barely matched the water and oil gallerys. one water gallery was completely blocked by the gasket (see pic) and behind it was full of gunk, which i must have dislodged from around the system when flushing the coolant, and im guessing it all ended up there eventually blocking the flow of coolant through the rest of the block.
new gasket came last week straight from VW, full set. inc valve stem oil seals etc... wasn't cheap. hopefully have it back together friday on my day off. and i'll give the whole block a good flush.

fingers crossed yours is something a little simpler though lol