Petrol particulate filter.
When they introduced those to oil burners with Euro5 the performance dropped right off.
It took a while for better designs and other changes to bring it back, which they won't do for the Mk7.5, this is just an emergency retrofit. Mk8 should be better...
I'd imagine that much like the earlier oil burners, removing the PPF will see quite good gains, but I'd imagine that's a MOT fail...